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Objective:To explore the effect of iron overload on the cognitive function of rats and its possible internal mechanism.Methods:Thirty 8-week-old male Sprague Dawley rats of SPF degree were randomly divided into 2 groups, iron overload group(IO group) and control group(Sham group), with 15 in each group.The rats in IO group were injected intraperitoneally iron dextran(100 mg/(kg·d)) for 28 days.The cognitive function of rats was detected by Morris water maze method. Western blot method was used to detect the expression of TfR1 and autophagy-related protein p-AMPK, LC3 and Beclin1 in the hippocampus of rats. Immunofluorescence was used to observe the expression of LC3 and Beclin1 in the hippocampus of rats. HE staining was used to observe the morphological changes of neurons in the hippocampus. Transmission electron microscopy was used to observe the number of autophagosomes and the morphology of endoplasmic reticulum in hippocampus.The software of SPSS 20.0 was used for repeated measurement ANOVA and t-test. Results:Morris water maze test showed that there were significant interaction between the group factor and training time factor of escape latency( F=3.55, P<0.01). And the simple effect analysis showed that compared with the Sham group((28.09±18.41)s, (21.42±15.53)s, (16.96±8.35)s, (10.24±3.75)s), the average escape latency of rats(2nd-5th day) in IO group((56.68±30.65)s, (58.21±36.09)s, (36.58±13.54)s, (27.29±14.30)s )were significantly longer ( t=8.57, 6.81, 9.51, 7.12, P<0.01). The platform was removed on 6th day of the space exploration experiment, compared with the Sham group ((41.89±3.89)%), the percentage of time spent in the target quadrant of IO group ((25.46±3.56)%) was significantly decreased( t=24.06, P<0.01). Western blot showed that the relative expression levels of (TfR1 (2.10±0.48), p-AMPK (0.74±0.10), LC3 (1.11±0.40), Beclin1 (1.05±0.20)) in IO group in the hippocampus of the rats were significantly higher than those of the Sham group(TfR1(0.11±0.18), p-AMPK(0.19±0.02), LC3(0.22±0.11), Beclin1(0.17±0.02))( t=1.58, 14.58, 10.06, 20.65, P<0.01)). HE staining showed that compared with the Sham group, the neuron in the hippocampus of the IO group were sparsely arranged, morphologically irregular, and the number of the neurons was significantly reduced. Transmission electron microscopy showed that compared with the Sham group, the number of autophagosomes in the hippocampus of IO group was increased. Conclusion:Iron overload may exert its neurotoxic effect by increasing the level of autophagy in the hippocampus, causing cognitive dysfunction.
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Mechanical thrombectomy is an effective treatment for acute ischemic stroke. Direct aspiration thrombectomy is one of the operating methods of mechanical thrombectomy. Compared with stent thrombectomy, it has the characteristics of simple operation and quick opening of the occluded blood vessels. This article reviews the related research of direct aspiration thrombectomy for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke.
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Objective To explore the predictive value of short term cognitive assessment in the acute phase of ischemic stroke for 3-6 months after stroke.Methods The demographic data,vascular risk factors,clinical and imaging data of 254 patients with acute ischemic stroke from August 2016 to December 2017 were prospectively registered.The cognitive function was assessed by Mini-mental state examination (MMSE) and Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) 3 weeks after stroke onset.Comprehensive cognitive function assessment was performed after 3-6 months of stroke.Multiple factor Logistic regression was used to screen the independent risk factors of cognitive domain and overall cognitive function in 3-6 months.Results Totally 254 consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke were enrolled.Combined with the inclusion and exclusion criteria,161 patients completed the baseline cognitive assessment,and 138 completed the comprehensive cognitive assessment in 3-6 months after stroke.Logistic regression analysis showed that 3 weeks baseline cognitive status was an independent factor affecting memory (P＜0.05,OR =62.47,95％CI=13.00-205.00),execution (P＜0.05,OR=38.29,95％CI=8.00-170.00),language (P＜0.05,OR=6.46,95％CI=2.31-18.04) and information processing speed (P＜0.05,OR=5.88,95％CI=2.24-15.41) in 3-6 months after stroke.According to the number of impaired cognitive domains,the overall cognitive function was defined.There were 61 cases of no or mild cognitive dysfunction group and 77 cases of moderate or severe cognitive impairment group.Multifactor logistic analysis showed that baseline cognitive status was independent of the overall cognitive function of 3-6 months after apoplexy adjusting for the age and education level (P＜0.05,OR=25.32,95％ CI =7.52-85.39).Conclusion Short cognitive assessment in early apoplexy can predict the short-term functional status of cognitive domains such as memory,execution,language and information processing speed after stroke,and can also predict the overall cognitive level.
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Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of magnetic compression anastomosis for congenital esophageal atresia and stenosis.Methods The retrospective and descriptive study was conducted.The clinical data of 4 children who underwent magnetic compression anastomosis for congenital esophageal atresia and stenosis in the Northwest Women and Children's Hospital from December 2017 and February 2019 were collected.There were 2 males and 2 females.The children were aged 11 days,7 days,5 days,and 3 years,respectively.The children underwent magnetic compression anastomosis.Observation indicators:(1) surgical and postoperative situations;(2) follow-up.Follow-up using outpatient examination and telephone interview was performed to detect food intake and complications of children up to May 2019.Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean±SD,and measurement data with skewed distribution were represented as M (range).Results (1) Surgical and postoperative situations:four children underwent magnetic compression anastomosis successfully.Of the 4 children,3 with esophageal atresia underwent open tracheoesophageal fistula repair and endoscopeassisted magnetic compression anastomosis,and 1 with congenital esophageal stenosis underwent endoscopic gastrostomy combined with magnetic compression anastomosis.The operation time of 4 children was (2.3±0.9) hours.The length of esophageal blind ending in the 3 children with esophageal atresia and length of esophageal stenosis were in the children with esophageal stenosis 30-35 mm and 8 mm.Four children has good magnet apposition,and time of postoperative magnet removal was (29± 10)days.Three children with esophageal atresia had oral removal of magnet,and 1 with esophageal stenosis had magnet removed by gastrostomy.One child complicated with postoperative fistula and anastomotic stenosis was cured by unobstructed drainage and nutritional support treatment.The duration of postoperative hospital stay was (39± 10)days.(2) Follow-up:4 patients were followed up for 3-17 months,with a median time of 10 months,and restored to oral intake after oral removal of magnet and removal of magnet by gastrostomy on the days 14-36 postoperatively.One child was detected anastomotic stenosis by esophagography at the postoperative 3 months,and was improved after esophageal dilatation.The other 3 children recovered to normal connectivity of esophagus postoperatively and maintain unobstructed.Four children had normal eating,without dysphagia or other serious complications.Conclusion Magnetic compression anastomosis is safe and feasible for congenital esophageal atresia and stenosis,with good short-term efficacy.
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Recently we have established a new culture condition enabling the derivation of extended pluripotent stem (EPS) cells, which, compared to conventional pluripotent stem cells, possess superior developmental potential and germline competence. However, it remains unclear whether this condition permits derivation of EPS cells from mouse strains that are refractory or non-permissive to pluripotent cell establishment. Here, we show that EPS cells can be robustly generated from non-permissive NOD-scid Il2rg mice through de novo derivation from blastocysts. Furthermore, these cells can also be efficiently generated by chemical reprogramming from embryonic NOD-scid Il2rg fibroblasts. NOD-scid Il2rg EPS cells can be expanded for more than 20 passages with genomic stability and can be genetically modified through gene targeting. Notably, these cells contribute to both embryonic and extraembryonic lineages in vivo. More importantly, they can produce chimeras and integrate into the E13.5 genital ridge. Our study demonstrates the feasibility of generating EPS cells from refractory mouse strains, which could potentially be a general strategy for deriving mouse pluripotent cells. The generation of NOD-scid Il2rg EPS cell lines permits sophisticated genetic modification in NOD-scid Il2rg mice, which may greatly advance the optimization of humanized mouse models for biomedical applications.
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One major strategy to generate genetically modified mouse models is gene targeting in mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells, which is used to produce gene-targeted mice for wide applications in biomedicine. However, a major bottleneck in this approach is that the robustness of germline transmission of gene-targeted ES cells can be significantly reduced by their genetic and epigenetic instability after long-term culturing, which impairs the efficiency and robustness of mouse model generation. Recently, we have established a new type of pluripotent cells termed extended pluripotent stem (EPS) cells, which have superior developmental potency and robust germline competence compared to conventional mouse ES cells. In this study, we demonstrate that mouse EPS cells well maintain developmental potency and genetic stability after long-term passage. Based on gene targeting in mouse EPS cells, we established a new approach to directly and rapidly generate gene-targeted mouse models through tetraploid complementation, which could be accomplished in approximately 2 months. Importantly, using this approach, we successfully constructed mouse models in which the human interleukin 3 (IL3) or interleukin 6 (IL6) gene was knocked into its corresponding locus in the mouse genome. Our study demonstrates the feasibility of using mouse EPS cells to rapidly generate mouse models by gene targeting, which have great application potential in biomedical research.
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In the original publication Fig. 1D and supplementary material is incorrect. The correct figure and supplementary material is provided in this correction.
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Objective To compare the applicability of the Beijing Version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) in screening for cognitive impairment in patients with acute ischemic stroke for 2-3 weeks.Methods MoCA and MMSE were conducted in 201 patients with acute ischemic stroke within 2 to 3 weeks after the onset of stroke.With MoCA＜23 and MMSE ＜26 as the cut off value,we assessed the clinic effect of the MoCA and MMSE and explored the correlation between two instruments.Results The average scores of MoCA and MMSE scale were (20.5±4.3) and (25.4±3.5) points.The prevalence of cognitive impairment evaluated with MoCA and MMSE were 57.2％and 43.3％,respectively.MoCA showed significant correlation with MMSE score (Pearson's correlation coefficient=0.833,P＜0.001),and an agreement with Kappa values of 0.532 (P＜0.01) in screening for cognitive impairment.Conclusions The prevalence of cognitive impairment assessed with MoCA is higher than that of with MMSE when using MoCA＜23 and MMSE＜26 as the cut off values.Both instruments show a good agreement for screening cognitive impairment in acute ischemic stroke within 2 to 3 weeks following the disease onset.
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PurposeTo evaluate the diagnostic value of multi-slice spiral CT (MSCT) in preoperative TNM staging in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by comparing with corresponding postoperative pathology.Materials and Methods Ninety-two cases of surgically resected lung cancer were included. Clinical and pathological staging were made and compared, and to evaluate the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the MSCT in diagnosing lymph node metastasis.Results MSCT made correct T staging in 83.7% of the cases with excellent agreement (Kappa=0.727,P<0.05). Accurate N staging was in 79.3% of the patients with acceptable agreement (Kappa=0.635,P<0.05). The TNM staging was 75.0% accurate with moderate agreement (Kappa=0.680,P<0.05). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of CT in diagnosis of lymph node metastasis were 71.1%, 85.2%, 77.1%, 80.7% and 79.3%, respectively. CT accuracy in the diagnosis of groups 4, 5, 6, 10 lymph nodes metastasis was relatively low, in which group 4 had highest false positive, and group 10 had the highest false negative.Conclusion The TNM staging of NSCLC based on MSCT scan is valuable. It can be used as the main basis to evaluate the patient's ability to choose the best treatment plan and predict the prognosis.